PWM - Pulse Width Modulation.
The basics about PWM can be read here
Why PWM??
Suppose you have a motor with a certain torque and RPM, and you want to change the RPM. This can be done easily by reducing the voltage supplied, but due to this even the torque of the motor reduces. So, how to control the RPM of the motor without compromising on torque ???
The answer is PWM - Pulse Width Modulation